{"id":562,"date":"2017-08-21T10:26:47","date_gmt":"2017-08-21T10:26:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/chemistry\/?page_id=562"},"modified":"2017-09-20T20:29:26","modified_gmt":"2017-09-20T20:29:26","slug":"halogenated-hydrocarbons-and-hydrocarbon-reactions","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/chemistry\/halogenated-hydrocarbons-and-hydrocarbon-reactions\/","title":{"rendered":"Halogenated Hydrocarbons and Hydrocarbon Reactions"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"twelve columns\" style=\"margin-top: 10%;\">\n<div class=\"advance\">\n<p><a class=\"button button-primary\" href=\"http:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/chemistry\/naming-organic-molecules-containing-oxygen\">\u2b05 Previous Lesson<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"button\" href=\"http:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/chemistry\/organic-chemistry\">Workshop Index<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"button button-primary\" href=\"http:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/chemistry\/aromatics\">Next Lesson \u27a1<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- UPDATE NEXT\/PREVIOUS ABOVE --><\/p>\n<p><!-- CONTENT STARTS HERE --><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"title\">Halogenated Hydrocarbons and Hydrocarbon Reactions<\/h1>\n<h4>Lesson Objective<\/h4>\n<p>In this lesson, we\u2019ll review naming halogenated hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon reactions.<\/p>\n<h4>Previously we covered&#8230;<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>How to name molecules that contain oxygen including:\n<ul>\n<li>Alcohols<\/li>\n<li>Ethers<\/li>\n<li>Aldehydes<\/li>\n<li>Ketones<\/li>\n<li>Carboxylic Acids<\/li>\n<li>Esters<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<section>\n<h3>Naming Hydrocarbons that Contain Halogen Atoms<\/h3>\n<p><abbr title=\"Organic molecules containing a hydroxyl group -OH attached to a carbon chain \">Alkyl halides<\/abbr> are organic molecules that contain one or more halogen atoms (bromine, chlorine, fluorine or iodine) which have been substituted for a hydrogen atom.<\/p>\n<p>When naming hydrocarbons that contain one or more halogen atoms find the longest carbon chain that contains the halogen-bearing carbon(s). Name the carbon chain and treat the halogens as branches, using \u201cbromo-\u201c for bromine, \u201cchloro-\u201c for chlorine, \u201cfluoro-\u201c for fluorine, and \u201ciodo-\u201c for iodine. The halogens are listed in alphabetical order preceding the carbon chain name yet they are numbered so as to give the lowest possible sum of the numbered branches after being placed in alphabetical order. If there is more than one of a kind of a particular halogen the Greek prefix (\u201cdi-,\u201d \u201ctri-,\u201d \u201ctetra-,\u201d etc.) is inserted between the numbers for the halogens and the halogen\u2019s name, after the halogen(s) have been placed in alphabetical order.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/Images\/chemistry\/img\/OrganicChemistry\/s4_p2_clip_image002.jpg\" alt=\"2-fluoropropane\" width=\"168\" height=\"110\" \/><\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" width=\"342\">2-fluoropropane<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/Images\/chemistry\/img\/OrganicChemistry\/s4_p2_clip_image004.jpg\" alt=\"2,3-dichloro-3-methylpentane \" width=\"248\" height=\"136\" \/><\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" width=\"342\">2,3-dichloro-3-methylpentane<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/Images\/chemistry\/img\/OrganicChemistry\/s4_p2_clip_image006.jpg\" alt=\"3,4,4-tribromo-2-fluoro-1,1-diiodoheptane \" width=\"367\" height=\"129\" \/><\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" width=\"342\">3,4,4-tribromo-2-fluoro-1,1-diiodoheptane<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"middle\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/Images\/chemistry\/img\/OrganicChemistry\/s4_p2_clip_image008.jpg\" alt=\"1,1-dichloro-3-ethyl-4-methylhexane\" width=\"304\" height=\"169\" \/><\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\" width=\"342\">1,1-dichloro-3-ethyl-4-methylhexane<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<section class=\"question\">\n<h4>Question<\/h4>\n<p>What is the name of the following molecule?<\/p>\n<p><center><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/Images\/chemistry\/img\/OrganicChemistry\/halogenatedhydrocarbons5.orgreactionE.gif\" width=\"255\" height=\"90\" \/><\/center><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Chloropentane<\/li>\n<li>2-chloropentane<\/li>\n<li>4-chloropentane<\/li>\n<li>2-pentchlorane<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><a class=\"button button-primary q-answer\"> Reveal Answer <\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"q-reveal\">The correct answer is B. The longest carbon chain containing the halogen is the root name and the halogen is named using \u201cchloro-\u201c for chlorine, \u201cfluoro-\u201c for fluorine, etc. The halogens are treated as branches and given the lowest possible number.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"question\">\n<h4>Question<\/h4>\n<p>What is the name of the following molecule?<\/p>\n<p><center><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/Images\/chemistry\/img\/OrganicChemistry\/halogenatedhydrocarbons5.orgreactionF.gif\" width=\"253\" height=\"90\" \/><\/center><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>1-fluoro-2-chloropentane<\/li>\n<li>1-chloro-2-fluoropentane<\/li>\n<li>2-fluoro-1-chloropentane<\/li>\n<li>2-chloro-1-fluoropentane<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><a class=\"button button-primary q-answer\"> Reveal Answer <\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"q-reveal\">The correct answer is D. The longest carbon chain containing the halogens is the root name; the halogens are named using \u201cchloro-\u201c for chlorine, \u201cfluoro-\u201c for fluorine, etc. The halogens are listed in alphabetical order.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<h3>Reactions of Hydrocarbons<\/h3>\n<p><abbr title=\"These occur when one or more hydrogen(s) are replaced by a reactant.\">Substitution reactions<\/abbr> occur when one or more hydrogen(s) are replaced by a reactant.<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p><center><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/Images\/chemistry\/img\/OrganicChemistry\/halogenatedhydrocarbons3.orgreactionA.gif\" alt=\"C2H6 + Cl2 = CH3CH2Cl + HCl\" width=\"316\" height=\"90\" \/><\/center><abbr title=\"These occur when a reactant is added to a carbon-carbon multiple bond in an unsaturated hydrocarbon.\">Addition reactions<\/abbr> occur when a reactant is added to a carbon-carbon multiple bond in an unsaturated hydrocarbon.<\/p>\n<p>Because of the double bond, alkenes are more reactive than alkanes.<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p><center><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/Images\/chemistry\/img\/OrganicChemistry\/halogenatedhydrocarbons3.orgreactionB.gif\" alt=\"C4H8 + Cl2 = C4H8Cl2\" width=\"446\" height=\"90\" \/><\/center><abbr title=\"These occur when hydrogen atoms are removed from a hydrocarbon and an unsaturated hydrocarbon is produced.\">Dehydrogenation reactions<\/abbr> occur when hydrogen atoms are removed from a hydrocarbon and an unsaturated hydrocarbon is produced.<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p><center><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/Images\/chemistry\/img\/OrganicChemistry\/halogenatedhydrocarbons4.orgreactionC.gif\" alt=\"C2H6 = C2H2 + H2\" width=\"273\" height=\"70\" \/><\/center><abbr title=\"These occur when a simple molecule is removed from adjacent carbon atoms forming the simple atom and an unsaturated hydrocarbon.\">Elimination reactions<\/abbr> occur when a simple molecule is removed from adjacent carbon atoms forming the simple molecule and an unsaturated hydrocarbon.<\/p>\n<p>H<sub>2<\/sub>O, HNO<sub>2<\/sub> and H-halide are often the products of elimination reactions.<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p><center><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/Images\/chemistry\/img\/OrganicChemistry\/halogenatedhydrocarbons4.orgreactionD.gif\" alt=\"C3H7OH = C3H6 +H20\" width=\"375\" height=\"120\" \/><\/center><\/p>\n<section class=\"question\">\n<h4>Question<\/h4>\n<p>What type of reaction is shown below?<\/p>\n<p><center><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/Images\/chemistry\/img\/OrganicChemistry\/halogenatedhydrocarbons6.orgreactionI.gif\" width=\"330\" height=\"90\" \/><\/center><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Addition<\/li>\n<li>Dehydrogenation<\/li>\n<li>Elimination<\/li>\n<li>Substitution<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><a class=\"button button-primary q-answer\"> Reveal Answer <\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"q-reveal\">The correct answer is D. This is a substitution reaction because one chlorine atom has been substituted for a hydrogen atom of the hydrocarbon.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"question\">\n<h4>Question<\/h4>\n<p>What type of reaction is shown below?<\/p>\n<p><center><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/Images\/chemistry\/img\/OrganicChemistry\/halogenatedhydrocarbons6.orgreactionJ.gif\" width=\"285\" height=\"90\" \/><\/center><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Addition<\/li>\n<li>Dehydrogenation<\/li>\n<li>Elimination<\/li>\n<li>Substitution<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><a class=\"button button-primary q-answer\"> Reveal Answer <\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"q-reveal\">The correct answer is B. This is a dehydrogenation reaction because a hydrogen molecule has been eliminated from ethane.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p><!-- CONTENT ENDS HERE --><\/p>\n<p><!-- UPDATE NEXT\/PREVIOUS BELOW --><\/p>\n<div class=\"advance\">\n<p><a class=\"button button-primary\" href=\"http:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/chemistry\/naming-organic-molecules-containing-oxygen\">\u2b05 Previous Lesson<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"button\" href=\"http:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/chemistry\/organic-chemistry\">Workshop Index<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"button button-primary\" href=\"http:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/chemistry\/aromatics\">Next Lesson \u27a1<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><a class=\"backtotop\" href=\"#title\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u2b05 Previous Lesson\u00a0Workshop Index\u00a0Next Lesson \u27a1 Halogenated Hydrocarbons and Hydrocarbon Reactions Lesson Objective In this lesson, we\u2019ll review naming halogenated hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon reactions. Previously we covered&#8230; How to name molecules that contain oxygen including: Alcohols Ethers Aldehydes Ketones Carboxylic Acids Esters Naming Hydrocarbons that Contain Halogen Atoms Alkyl halides are organic molecules that contain [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-562","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/chemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/562","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/chemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/chemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/chemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/chemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=562"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/chemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/562\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":951,"href":"https:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/chemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/562\/revisions\/951"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/chemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=562"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}