{"id":73,"date":"2017-08-18T08:55:37","date_gmt":"2017-08-18T08:55:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/chemistry\/?page_id=73"},"modified":"2018-03-19T04:13:03","modified_gmt":"2018-03-19T04:13:03","slug":"review-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/chemistry\/review-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Review"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"twelve columns\" style=\"margin-top: 10%;\">\n<div class=\"advance\">\n<p><a class=\"button button-primary\" href=\"http:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/chemistry\/the-nucleus-and-nuclear-reactions\">\u2b05Previous Lesson<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"button\" href=\"http:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/chemistry\/atomic-structure-periodicity-and-matter\">Workshop Index<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"button button-primary\" href=\"http:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/chemistry\/chemical-naming-and-structure\">Next\u00a0Workshop \u27a1<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- UPDATE NEXT\/PREVIOUS ABOVE --><\/p>\n<p><!-- CONTENT STARTS HERE --><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"title\">Atomic Structure, Periodicity, and Matter: Review<\/h1>\n<h3>Review<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>The development of the structure of the atom spanned centuries beginning with the Greek philosopher\u00a0Democritus, with major contributions from John Dalton, Michael Faraday, William Crookes, Wilhelm\u00a0Roentgen, Henri Becquerel, Marie and Pierre Curie, Ernest Rutherford, and many others.<\/li>\n<li>A number of scientists attempted to describe the atom by proposing models. Significant among those\u00a0were J.J. Thomson, Neils Bohr, Erwin Schr\u00f6dinger, and James Chadwick. Their efforts have resulted\u00a0in today&#8217;s quantum mechanical model of the atom.<\/li>\n<li>The nucleus of the atom is composed of positive protons and neutral neutrons therefore giving the\u00a0nucleus its positive charge.<\/li>\n<li>The electrons are negative particles that surround the nucleus in energy levels. Within the\u00a0principal energy levels are sublevels classified as <em>s<\/em>, <em>p<\/em>, <em>d<\/em>, or\u00a0<em>f<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>As elements were rapidly being discovered, chemists such as Johann Dobereiner, John Newlands, and\u00a0others began to see relationships among them.<\/li>\n<li>From the pioneer work of the early chemists, Dimitri Mendeleev is credited with developing the\u00a0periodic table, an invaluable tool to all chemists. The periodic table shows characteristics shared\u00a0within groups of elements as well as trends of properties down and across the table.<\/li>\n<li>Planck introduced the energy quantum to explain black body radiation.<\/li>\n<li>Einstein explained the photoelectric effect by proposing that a light wave consists of discrete\u00a0photons.<\/li>\n<li>Compton demonstrated the particle nature of light waves and de Broglie proposed that matter has\u00a0wave properties.<\/li>\n<li>Spectra of gaseous atoms consist of discrete lines. Lines in the hydrogen spectrum are described by\u00a0a simple formula.<\/li>\n<li>The arrangement of electrons in atoms is closely related to the chemical properties of the elements\u00a0and to the structure of the periodic table.<\/li>\n<li>The Pauli exclusion principle specifies that each electron in an atom must have a\u00a0unique set of four quantum numbers.<\/li>\n<li>The aufbau (\u201cbuilding up\u201d) rule assumes that as electrons are added to an atom they fill the lowest\u00a0energy orbitals first.<\/li>\n<li>The strong nuclear force binds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus. When protons and\u00a0neutrons combine to form a nucleus, mass is converted into energy.<\/li>\n<li>Nuclei of light elements can fuse to form heavier nuclei.<\/li>\n<li>Nuclei of heavy elements can split apart to form lighter nuclei.<\/li>\n<li>If the mass of products for a nuclear reaction is greater than the mass of reactants, the reaction\u00a0is not possible; if the mass of products is less than the mass of reactants, the reaction may occur.<\/li>\n<li>Einstein\u2019s relationship between mass and energy, \u2206<em>E <\/em>= \u2206<em>mc<\/em><sup>2<\/sup>, can be used\u00a0to predict the amount of energy produced in a nuclear reaction.<\/li>\n<li>The essential difference between a conventional power generating plant and a nuclear one is the\u00a0source of heat to make steam. Heat to generate steam comes from burning gas, oil, or coal for the\u00a0former, and from nuclear energy for the latter.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table class=\"gas_law_table\" border=\"2\" width=\"100%\" cellpadding=\"7\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div align=\"center\"><span class=\"teachertip\"><strong>Don&#8217;t forget to take the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.abcte.org\/drupal\/user\/0\/practice-exams\/chemistry\" target=\"popsome\">Atomic Structure,\u00a0Periodicity, and Matter Chapter Quiz.<\/a><br \/>\nTo take the quiz, log in to your Dashboard and go to the Quizzes Section in your Study Materials.\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- CONTENT ENDS HERE --><\/p>\n<p><!-- UPDATE NEXT\/PREVIOUS BELOW --><\/p>\n<div class=\"advance\">\n<p><a class=\"button button-primary\" href=\"http:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/chemistry\/the-nucleus-and-nuclear-reactions\">\u2b05Previous Lesson<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"button\" href=\"http:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/chemistry\/atomic-structure-periodicity-and-matter\">Workshop Index<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"button button-primary\" href=\"http:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/chemistry\/chemical-naming-and-structure\">Next\u00a0Workshop \u27a1<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><a class=\"backtotop\" href=\"#title\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u2b05Previous Lesson\u00a0Workshop Index\u00a0Next\u00a0Workshop \u27a1 Atomic Structure, Periodicity, and Matter: Review Review The development of the structure of the atom spanned centuries beginning with the Greek philosopher\u00a0Democritus, with major contributions from John Dalton, Michael Faraday, William Crookes, Wilhelm\u00a0Roentgen, Henri Becquerel, Marie and Pierre Curie, Ernest Rutherford, and many others. A number of scientists attempted to describe [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-73","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/chemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/73","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/chemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/chemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/chemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/chemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=73"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/chemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/73\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":977,"href":"https:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/chemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/73\/revisions\/977"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/chemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=73"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}