{"id":146,"date":"2017-09-04T06:35:45","date_gmt":"2017-09-04T06:35:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/english\/?page_id=146"},"modified":"2018-06-12T15:43:22","modified_gmt":"2018-06-12T15:43:22","slug":"research-strategies-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/english\/research-strategies-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Research Strategies"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"twelve columns\" style=\"margin-top: 10%;\">\n<div class=\"advance\"><a class=\"button\" href=\"http:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/english\/research-strategies\">Workshop Index<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"button button-primary\" href=\"http:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/english\/further-reading-for-research-strategies\">Next Lesson \u27a1<\/a><\/div>\n<p><!-- CONTENT BEGINS HERE --><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"title\">Research Strategies<\/h1>\n<h4>Objective<\/h4>\n<p>In this lesson, we\u2019ll be discussing the various methods and strategies used in the research process.<\/p>\n<p><!--\n\n\n<h4>Previously Covered:<\/h4>\n\n\n--><\/p>\n<p class=\"lesson_subhead\">Choosing the Topic<\/p>\n<p>Before you can begin researching a topic, you need to first identify and develop the topic you want to write about.\u00a0When casting about for appropriate topics, keep in mind the following points:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Choose a topic that you are either interested in or are curious about. Doing so will likely result in a more\u00a0engaging paper.<\/li>\n<li>Consider topics that can be approached from various angles.<\/li>\n<li>Choose a topic that has adequate and available research materials associated with it.<\/li>\n<li>Consider whether your topic is appropriate for the length and breadth of the essay, speech, or research paper\u00a0you have been assigned to write.<\/li>\n<li>Make sure you have access to appropriate research materials.<\/li>\n<li>Discuss possible topics with your teacher or the school librarian.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Once you decide on a topic, do some prewriting activities. Brainstorming, free-writing, and clustering will help you\u00a0determine the paper\u2019s key elements and how they relate to one another. These activities will also help you determine\u00a0what <em>won\u2019t<\/em> be going into the paper. Weeding out extraneous material in the beginning will save you time and\u00a0effort in the editing phase.<\/p>\n<p>From here, you can narrow your topic choice. Your topic should be refined into a researchable, restricted subject\u00a0that can be expressed in a specific question. The question should have the following characteristics:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>It should be grounded in current, researchable knowledge.<\/li>\n<li>It should be relatively easy to find information.<\/li>\n<li>It should not be so broad so that your paper is too general.<\/li>\n<li>It should be narrow enough so that you can reasonably cover the topic but not so narrow that you will run out\u00a0of things to say.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<section>\n<h3>Here\u2019s how this process might look:<\/h3>\n<p>Consider the question \u201cDoes playing violent video games increase violence in children?\u201d<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ask other questions about the subject to see if the subject has enough breadth for the paper topic. For<br \/>\nexample:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p align=\"left\">How are we to determine if kids have become more or less violent? Do we look at their interactions with\u00a0each other? Do we study the way they speak to each other or to their parents?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Consider the topic of video games themselves.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p align=\"left\">Which games are considered violent? How many games would have to be played and for how long to have\u00a0this effect?<\/p>\n<p class=\"lesson_subhead\">You should also consider the following points:<\/p>\n<p>What question do you want answered?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Is there any controversy surrounding this topic?<\/li>\n<li>What are your arguments regarding the topic?<\/li>\n<li>How easy will it be to research this topic?<\/li>\n<li>What research will you have to do?<\/li>\n<li>What are your possible\/probable sources of information on the topic?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<section class=\"question\">\n<h4>Question<\/h4>\n<div>\n<p>Let\u2019s look at a few examples of paper topics. Which of the following would make the best paper topic?<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Native American tribes<\/li>\n<li>Native American tribes of Minnesota<\/li>\n<li>Creation myths of the Minnesota tribes<\/li>\n<li>The crow\u2019s dialogue in one mythology story<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><a class=\"button button-primary q-answer\"> Reveal Answer <\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"q-reveal\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"lesson_text\">The answer is C. The first two subjects are too broad, while the last is too narrow.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Researching the Topic<\/h3>\n<p>After deciding on a research topic, your next step is to track down the appropriate research materials. Some of\u00a0these materials include reference texts, books, the Internet, periodicals, and databases. Reference books like these\u00a0are a great place to start:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Encyclopedia<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>With definitions, descriptions, photos, and illustrations of thousands of subjects, this is a good place to start\u00a0for basic topic research.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><em> Encyclopedia of World History <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This volume, by historian Peter N. Stearns and thirty other historians, organizes their combined expertise in a\u00a0chronology of over 20,000 entries covering prehistoric times up to the year 2000.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em> The Columbia Gazetteer of North America<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A thorough and comprehensive encyclopedia of geographical places features over 50,000 entries.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em> The World Factbook<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This resource, compiled by the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), is a complete geographical handbook.\u00a0The <i>Factbook<\/i> includes profiles of every country in the world, provides facts about population, ethnicity, and\u00a0literacy rates, as well as political, geographical, and economic data.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em> American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Sought after for its clear, lucid definitions, elegant design, and wealth of information about the history of the\u00a0English language, this dictionary features over 90,000 entries, 900 full-page color illustrations, and 10,000 new\u00a0words.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em> Roget\u2019s Thesaurus<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This thesaurus contains 35,000 synonyms, 250,000 cross-references, and clear-cut definitions to aid in finding the\u00a0right word quickly.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em> American Heritage Book of English Usage<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This usage guide provides a detailed look at grammar, style, diction, word formation, gender, social groups, and\u00a0scientific forms.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em> Bartlett\u2019s Familiar Quotations<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This reference includes over 11,000 famous quotations.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em> The Cambridge History of English and American Literature<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Widely considered to be the most important work of literary history and criticism ever published, the <i>Cambridge\u00a0History<\/i> contains over 300 chapters and 11,000 pages, with topics including poetry, fiction, drama, essays,\u00a0history, theology, and political writing.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em> The Oxford Shakespeare<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This edition of the <i>Complete Works of William Shakespeare<\/i> includes the 37 plays, 154 sonnets, and\u00a0miscellaneous verse that are widely considered to be the benchmark of Western literature.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><i> The Harvard Classics Shelf of Fiction<\/i><\/h3>\n<p>This twenty-volume anthology of classic fiction from around the globe contains elements necessary to a well-rounded\u00a0liberal education. The <i>Shelf <\/i>also features an index to interpretations and criticisms.<\/p>\n<p><strong><i> The Elements of Style<\/i><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This classic\u2014and slim\u2014reference contains helpful, straightforward advice on style and grammar.<\/p>\n<section class=\"question\">\n<h4>Question<\/h4>\n<div>\n<p>Which of the following references would be most helpful when searching for a good quote to begin a\u00a0paper?<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Roget\u2019s Thesaurus<\/li>\n<li>American Heritage Book of English Usage<\/li>\n<li>Encyclopedia of World History<\/li>\n<li>Bartlett\u2019s Familiar Quotations<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p><a class=\"button button-primary q-answer\"> Reveal Answer <\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"q-reveal\" style=\"display: none;\">\n<p><span class=\"lesson_text\">The answer is D. While these other sources might be helpful in researching the style, composition, or content of a paper,<br \/>\n<i>Bartlett\u2019s Familiar Quotations <\/i>would be a good resource for finding quotes.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p>For another great primary source, try the <i> Oxford English Dictionary<\/i>, which is an excellent resource for word\u00a0definitions.<\/p>\n<p>The <i>OED,<\/i> however, has a different way of organizing words than other dictionaries. Since the <i>OED<\/i> is an\u00a0historical dictionary, its entry structure is quite different from a dictionary of current English. Traditional\u00a0English language dictionaries include only present-day word meanings organized so that the most common meanings or\u00a0senses are described first. With each word in the <i>OED<\/i>, the various groupings of senses are included in\u00a0chronological order according to the quotation evidence. The meanings with the earliest quotations appear first;\u00a0those that have developed more recently appear farther down the entry. The <i>OED<\/i> is an unsurpassed guide to the\u00a0meaning, history, and pronunciation of over half-a-million words, both present and past. The <i>OED<\/i> traces the\u00a0usage of words through 2.5 million quotations using a wide range of international English language sources,\u00a0including classic literature and specialty periodicals, films, and cookbooks. The <i>OED<\/i> is particularly helpful\u00a0for sorting out whether words are contextually accurate and appropriate as it traces the usage of words in\u00a0quotations pulled from a wide range of international English language sources and classic literature.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<section class=\"question\">\n<h4>Question<\/h4>\n<div>\n<p>Which of the following would <em>not<\/em> be a good use for the <i>OED<\/i>?<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Trace word usage through quotations.<\/li>\n<li>Figure out if a word is contextually accurate.<\/li>\n<li>Trace the histories of different religions.<\/li>\n<li>Find the history of a word.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p><a class=\"button button-primary q-answer\"> Reveal Answer <\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"q-reveal\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"lesson_text\">The answer is C. While the <i>OED<\/i> is helpful in finding the history of individual words, it cannot give a wide-ranging history of its subjects. An encyclopedia, or Frazer\u2019s <i>The<br \/>\nGolden Bough, <\/i>would be better resources for tracing the history of a religion.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p class=\"lesson_subhead\">More Sources<\/p>\n<p>There are plenty of other reputable sources of information beyond the ones listed above.<\/p>\n<p>There are numerous news sources that can be accessed. These include periodicals and newspapers. It is imperative that\u00a0you use reputable news sources when researching a paper topic. For instance, don\u2019t look to <i>People<\/i> magazine if\u00a0you\u2019re researching breakthroughs in flu vaccinations. Pick the right journal for your specific topic.<\/p>\n<p>While online news sources can be good for some source material, do not substitute these sources for other material\u00a0found in books or professional journals, which may be more reputable. You can find online professional journals\u00a0through online databases such as JSTOR, the \u201cscholarly journal archive.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>While usage of microfiche has waned since the emergence of the Internet, microfiche is still an important source of\u00a0information. Microfiche is a compact <a>analog <\/a>storage media that\u00a0provides comprehensive research in small spaces. Microfiche normally contains copies of books, periodicals, and\u00a0newspapers. It has the advantages of compact size, lower cost than paper copy, stable archival form, and is easy to\u00a0view with special readers. However, it has the disadvantage that the images cannot be reproduced.<\/p>\n<p>Databases, which are available online and through libraries and universities, are also a good source of information.\u00a0They can be searched through a variety of means and contain texts, images, and more.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>All Sources Are Not Created Equal<\/h3>\n<p>While there are plenty of sources on the Internet that are perfectly legitimate, there are plenty more that are\u00a0shady at best. That\u2019s why it\u2019s important to consider the following when researching topics on the Internet.<\/p>\n<p><b><i> Is your source credible? <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Make sure that your source is credible. Check the author\u2019s credentials and research his or her authority in the\u00a0field.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><i> Is your source accurate? <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Check to make sure that the source you\u2019re using is up to date. The source should be detailed, accurate,\u00a0current, and factual.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><i> Is your source reasonable? <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Check the text to make sure that the source is fair, objective, and balanced. Make sure that it is using\u00a0thoughtful and reasonable arguments that don\u2019t push a viewpoint while forsaking accuracy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><i> Is your source supported? <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Make sure that your source lists contact information, corroboration, documentation, and sources for its\u00a0research and claims.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"lesson_subhead\">Searching Online<\/p>\n<p>Two important components of Internet research are <strong><a>indices<\/a><\/strong> and <a><strong>search <\/strong><strong>engines<\/strong><\/a>.\u00a0There are two main types of indexes. One type of index is hierarchical (leading from one general topic to a more\u00a0specific one); the other type lists sources in a specified order (usually alphabetically). The first type of index\u00a0often contains a broad range of topics while the second usually contains sources designed to address a particular\u00a0topic or concern.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>Most search engines, including Yahoo!, InfoSeek, and Google, have some sort of index attached to them. Indexes are\u00a0helpful for writers who have an area that they want to focus on but don\u2019t have a specific topic. An index can help a\u00a0writer easily find more information on a topic.Search engines work by sending out inquiries to sites on the Web. They catalog any Web site that they encounter,\u00a0without evaluating it. This means that while you might get a lot of information in your search, much of it will be\u00a0unrelated to your topic. Search engines have a huge number of sites in their archives, so you have to limit your\u00a0search terms so the search engine can find appropriate Web sites. Search engines are good for finding sources for\u00a0well-defined topics. Typing in a general term such as &#8220;coffee plantations&#8221; or &#8220;domestic production&#8221; will yield too\u00a0many results. However, by narrowing your topic, you can find the information that you need.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Setting Your Cites High<\/h3>\n<p>There are a number of reasons why you need to cite your references. It\u2019s a form of professional honesty that shows\u00a0your readers that your work is reputable and that you stand by your sources. Citing sources strengthens the\u00a0authority of your work by showing that you\u2019ve incorporated experts&#8217; ideas and opinions into your work. It also gives\u00a0the reader valuable information regarding where she or he can look for more information on the topic. It\u2019s important\u00a0to be accurate in your references, so others can locate the material you used for your research. This passage, from\u00a0the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association , gives a good explanation of the importance of\u00a0citing references.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Because one purpose of listing references is to enable readers to retrieve and use the sources, reference data\u00a0must be correct and complete. Authors are responsible for all information in their reference lists. Accurately\u00a0prepared references help establish your credibility as a careful researcher. An inaccurate or incomplete\u00a0reference &#8220;will stand in print as an annoyance to future investigators and a monument to the writer&#8217;s\u00a0carelessness&#8221; (Bruner, 1942, p. 68). (p. 216)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Since citing references is so important, there are several different types of reference styles that have been agreed\u00a0upon by the academic community. These styles, which may be found in style manuals, should be referred to when you\u2019re\u00a0compiling a bibliography or citing a reference. Here are some of the most common, and widely agreed upon, style\u00a0manuals.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><em> Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association<\/em><em> (APA) <\/em><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>APA style is a widely accepted format for writing research papers. This style specifies the arrangement and\u00a0punctuation of footnotes and bibliographies and is maintained by the American Psychological Association, the\u00a0main scholarly organization for academic psychologists in the United States. You can refer to <i>The Publication\u00a0Manual of the American Psychological Association <\/i>for details. Some of the disadvantages of this style\u00a0include the fact that the style forbids authors to number section headings, which is a common practice in\u00a0science journals that allows for cross referencing. It also cites authors by their initials alone, instead of by\u00a0first names, which makes it more difficult to look up sources.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em> MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers <\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The Modern Language Association\u2019s (MLA) style manual is an academic style guide that employs a writing style\u00a0that is most often used in literary criticism, foreign-language, comparative literature, English studies, and\u00a0other humanity fields. The <i>MLA<\/i> uses a Works Cited Page that lists works at the end of a paper. This\u00a0includes brief, parenthetical citations including an author and the page that is listed in the text. An example\u00a0of this is (Danielson 247). Here are some examples of how citations should be listed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table border=\"0\" width=\"630\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"10\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" bgcolor=\"#c9d6f0\" width=\"125\"><strong>A book: <\/strong><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" bgcolor=\"#c9d6f0\" width=\"465\">Jackson, Carol Lynn. The Essential Guide to Wildflowers. New<br \/>\nYork: Houghton Mifflin, 1999.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"125\"><strong>An encyclopedia or dictionary: <\/strong><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"465\">Mandry, John F. \u201cArabian Horses.\u201d <i>The New Encyclopedia Britannica. <\/i>15 th ed.\u00a01987.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" bgcolor=\"#c9d6f0\" width=\"125\"><strong>A periodical: <\/strong><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" bgcolor=\"#c9d6f0\" width=\"465\">Strand, Jonathan. \u201cCharacter Studies: Willy Loman and the Mask of<br \/>\nNormalcy.\u201d <i>Literary Quarterly <\/i>12 (1990): 145\u201346.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"125\"><strong>A Web site: <\/strong><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"465\">\u201cSports Utility Vehicles.\u201d <i>Consumer Guides. <\/i>2 Aug. 2005. 10 Sep. 2005 &lt;http:\/\/www.consumerguidesforyou.com\/sportsuvheicles&gt;.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em> The Chicago Manual of Style <\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>This highly regarded style guide for American English deals with questions of style, manuscript preparation,\u00a0and usage. <i>The Chicago Manual,<\/i> which is published by the University of Chicago Press, is used by\u00a0publishers and editors.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>ACS Style Guide: A Manual for Authors and Editors <\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>This manual is intended for authors and editors working on papers in scientific disciplines. It is the\u00a0essential desk reference for authors, editors, and publishers of scientific research. Topics covered are\u00a0grammar, style, copyright, lists, units of measure, illustrations, and other issues associated with maintaining\u00a0consistency in scientific publications.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Understanding, Recognizing, and Detecting Plagiarism<\/h3>\n<p>Before we look at ways to detect plagiarism, it\u2019s important to recognize <em>why<\/em> students plagiarize in the\u00a0first place. There are many things to consider before you begin to point fingers at a student for plagiarizing.<\/p>\n<p>By definition, to plagiarize means to steal and pass off the ideas or words of another as one\u2019s own. There are a few\u00a0reasons why students may plagiarize.<\/p>\n<p>Students may commit plagiarism because they might not understand what plagiarism is. They may not realize that what\u00a0they\u2019re doing is something wrong. Because of this, it\u2019s important to emphasize to students that they must be\u00a0responsible for their own work. Enforce rules in your classroom related to plagiarism, and make students accountable\u00a0for their own work.<\/p>\n<p>If students understand what plagiarism is and still decide to plagiarize, they may do so because they think they\u00a0won\u2019t be caught, or because they worry that their writing ability is poor and they will get a bad grade. Oftentimes,\u00a0plagiarism is a result of waiting until the last minute. Students don\u2019t plan their time well enough and then panic\u00a0and rely on a paper that they find online or through a friend.<\/p>\n<p>One of the most effective ways to prevent plagiarism is to openly discuss what plagiarism is with your students.\u00a0Define plagiarism. Explain that plagiarism is wrong because it violates the trust between writer and reader, as well\u00a0as between student and teacher. It is also an illegal use of intellectual property.<\/p>\n<p>Explain to your students how they can legally use sources. Before the students start writing their first papers,\u00a0include a review of how to use resources in one of your discussions. Taking a trip to the library and discussing\u00a0research with the librarian might also be helpful. Tell students that, as a teacher, you have resources that will\u00a0help you to detect plagiarism in their papers if they choose to plagiarize.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>To stop plagiarism before it starts, assign papers that are difficult to plagiarize. Portion an assignment into\u00a0parts that must be submitted over the source of a few weeks or even a semester. Require students to include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>written proposal<\/li>\n<li>rough drafts<\/li>\n<li>notes<\/li>\n<li>annotated bibliography<\/li>\n<li>research journal<\/li>\n<li>submission of all sources<\/li>\n<li>discussions of papers in class<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>I\u2019m Still Not Convinced that This Student\u2019s Work Is Original<\/h3>\n<p>While the Internet has proven to be incredibly useful in some ways for writers, it has done them a disservice as\u00a0well. Plagiarism is rampant, thanks to different Web sites that sell term papers or even offer them for free. It\u2019s\u00a0essential that plagiarism be discouraged, and towards that end, it\u2019s necessary that teachers know how to detect\u00a0plagiarism.<\/p>\n<p>Here are some questions that you should ask about a paper that looks suspicious:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Is the formatting strange?<\/li>\n<li>Is the formatting what was required for the assignment?<\/li>\n<li>Are there odd line breaks or page breaks?<\/li>\n<li>Is there an article number or URL at the end of the paper?<\/li>\n<li>Are there odd sentences that indicate that the paper is from an online article (such as \u201cclick here\u201d or\u00a0\u201cgraphic here\u201d)?<\/li>\n<li>Are the citations out of date?<\/li>\n<li>Are the citations consistent with the content?<\/li>\n<li>Does the paper lack citations?<\/li>\n<li>Is the writing style consistent with the student\u2019s previous work?<\/li>\n<li>Are past events referred to in the present tense?<\/li>\n<li>Is the paper in the style (such as creative or expository) that was required by the assignment?<\/li>\n<li>Does the paper match the assignment?<\/li>\n<li>Does the paper seem pieced together?<\/li>\n<li>Are sentences suspiciously long or well written?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If you suspect that a student has committed plagiarism, you can try a variety of strategies to determine whether or\u00a0not the paper is plagiarized. You can ask the student to verbally summarize the paper. Also have the student\u00a0describe his or her research process. You can also select suspect phrases from the paper and copy them into the\u00a0search window in an Internet search engine or article database. Put the phrase that you select in quotation marks,\u00a0which allows you to do an exact phrase search. Check out the student\u2019s sources, visiting URLs that the student has\u00a0cited. Here are some good search engines and Internet databases to try.<\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" width=\"400\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"10\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div align=\"center\">Dogpile<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div align=\"center\">Google<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div align=\"center\">Internet Essay Exposer<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div align=\"center\">ABI\/Inform (Proquest)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div align=\"center\">Expanded Academic ASAP<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div align=\"center\">LexisNexis Academic<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div align=\"center\">Bartleby.com<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div align=\"center\">Biography.com<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<div align=\"center\">Turnitin.com<\/div>\n<div align=\"center\"><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<section class=\"question\">\n<h4>Question<\/h4>\n<div>\n<p>Which of the following topics should you discuss with your students in order to deter plagiarism?<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Ways that you can check students\u2019 work to be sure it is original<\/li>\n<li>How to properly research an article<\/li>\n<li>Why plagiarism is ethically wrong<\/li>\n<li>All of the above<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p><a class=\"button button-primary q-answer\"> Reveal Answer <\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"q-reveal\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"lesson_text\">The answer is D. All of these topics should be discussed with students before beginning a research paper.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Review<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Knowing how to properly research your paper, starting from the very beginning, will help to ensure that your\u00a0paper is focused and deliberate. Make sure that your paper topic is narrow enough to delve deeply into your\u00a0subject matter, while also ensuring that it is not <em>too<\/em> narrow. This might prevent you from actually\u00a0having enough to say in your paper.<\/li>\n<li>Knowing about the resources available to you, including such references as encyclopedias, indexes, microfiche,\u00a0periodicals, and Internet resources, will help ensure that your paper is well researched and accurate. You\u2019ll\u00a0want to make sure that all of these references are properly documented, so use a recognized style based on the\u00a0paper topic, such as Chicago, MLA, APA, or ASC.<\/li>\n<li>Whether you\u2019re writing or reviewing a paper, you should be aware of the possibility of plagiarism. Review the\u00a0importance of maintaining originality in your work or your students\u2019 work, and recognize that there are many\u00a0ways to detect plagiarism if it is used.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<\/section>\n<p><!-- CONTENT ENDS HERE --><\/p>\n<div class=\"advance\"><a class=\"button\" href=\"http:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/english\/research-strategies\">Workshop Index<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"button button-primary\" href=\"http:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/english\/further-reading-for-research-strategies\">Next Lesson \u27a1<\/a><\/div>\n<p><a class=\"backtotop\" href=\"#title\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Workshop Index\u00a0Next Lesson \u27a1 Research Strategies Objective In this lesson, we\u2019ll be discussing the various methods and strategies used in the research process. Choosing the Topic Before you can begin researching a topic, you need to first identify and develop the topic you want to write about.\u00a0When casting about for appropriate topics, keep in mind [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-146","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/146","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=146"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/146\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":611,"href":"https:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/146\/revisions\/611"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=146"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}