{"id":19,"date":"2017-09-04T05:54:51","date_gmt":"2017-09-04T05:54:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/english\/?page_id=19"},"modified":"2017-09-18T14:12:25","modified_gmt":"2017-09-18T14:12:25","slug":"in-the-meantime-denotation-connotation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/english\/in-the-meantime-denotation-connotation\/","title":{"rendered":"In the Meantime: Denotation &#038; Connotation"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"twelve columns\" style=\"margin-top: 10%;\">\n<div class=\"advance\"><a class=\"button button-primary\" href=\"http:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/english\/idioms-adages-in-english\">\u2b05 Previous Lesson<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"button\" href=\"http:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/english\/vocabulary\">Workshop Index<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"button button-primary\" href=\"http:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/english\/context-clues-words-among-words\">Next Lesson \u27a1<\/a><\/div>\n<p><!-- CONTENT BEGINS HERE --><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"title\">In the Meantime: Denotation &amp; Connotation<\/h1>\n<h3>Objective<\/h3>\n<p>This lesson will examine modern meanings of words by examining denotations and connotations and how meanings interact.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Previously Covered:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>In the previous lesson, we looked at English vocabulary words from both a linguistic and a literary standpoint.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<section>\n<p class=\"lesson_subhead\"><strong>English Defined: Denotations<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong> <abbr title=\"The meaning of a word according to its literal definition\">Denotations<\/abbr><\/strong> are what we find in dictionaries: literal meanings of words. They include the features that distinguish one concept or object from all others. A dictionary includes a denotation when that meaning is in wide use among speakers. Some denotations make English look very illogical. A prime example is <strong><em>cleave<\/em><\/strong> , which means both \u201cto split\u201d and \u201cto stick.\u201d A look at this word\u2019s etymology reveals that the two meanings come from two Anglo-Saxon words that were very similar in pronunciation: <em>cleofan<\/em> and <em>cleofian<\/em>, respectively.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em> Cleave<\/em><\/strong> also demonstrates how words can gain additional meanings: when you <em>cleave<\/em> to your loved ones or to certain ideas, you are stuck to them not literally, but metaphorically. In this way, a word\u2019s literal meaning gains an abstract one. This leap is accomplished through <strong><abbr title=\"1. A figure of speech that compares two unlike things without using \">metaphor<\/abbr><\/strong>. Metaphor is probably the most common means by which words take on new meanings: <strong><em> sharp, bitter, sour<\/em><\/strong> , and <strong><em> down<\/em><\/strong> are a few examples. Incidentally, a garlic <strong><em> clove<\/em><\/strong> gets its name from <strong><em>cleave<\/em><\/strong>, meaning a split part, whereas the spice clove came into Middle English as <strong><em>clowe<\/em><\/strong> from a French word for nail.<\/p>\n<p>As you can see, denotations can be tricky. A single word can have a large number of denotations and derivatives. Here\u2019s a short list of some deceptive words:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em> Go<\/em><\/strong> : from uncertain origins; to move, to walk, to function (e.g., a watch), to elapse, to leave, to die<\/li>\n<li><strong><em> Like<\/em><\/strong> : from Anglo-Saxon; this word can be a noun, verb, preposition and conjunction, and each part of speech has a number of denotations<\/li>\n<li><strong><em> Nice<\/em><\/strong> : from French; denotations include precise, fussy, virtuous, slight, exact, tasty, and kind<\/li>\n<li><strong><em> Want<\/em><\/strong> : from Old Norse; denotations include shortage, to lack, to come short, to desire<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This brief excursion through denotations should explain why the dictionary is both a necessary and ever-changing tool.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<section class=\"question\">\n<h4>Question<\/h4>\n<div>\n<p>Which of the following words has a denotation meaning <em>adventurous<\/em>?<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Gain<\/li>\n<li>Game<\/li>\n<li>Gun<\/li>\n<li>Gin<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p><a class=\"button button-primary q-answer\"> Reveal Answer <\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"q-reveal\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"lesson_text\">The correct answer is B. Along with its other denotations, <i>game<\/i> means having the spirit to do something.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr \/>\n<p class=\"lesson_subhead\"><strong>Suggestive English: Connotations<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A word can have not only <strong>denotations<\/strong>, but also <strong>connotations. <abbr title=\" The meaning suggested by a word beyond its literal definition.\">Connotations<\/abbr><\/strong> are the associated meanings a word may have beyond its literal or denotative meaning. Connotations are rarely found in the dictionary. For example, water denotes a liquid made from two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, but it has connotations of baptism or tears; earth denotes a planet or dirt, but it could connote fertility, firmness, and stability. Thus, denotations are the primary, literal meanings, whereas connotations are the secondary, figurative meanings of words. As a matter of fact, connotations appear in <abbr title=\"a figure of speech that makes an explicit comparison between two unlike things, usually involving the words like or and\">similes<\/abbr> and &lt;1. A figure of speech that compares two unlike things without using &#8220;like&#8221; or &#8220;as&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>2. Linguistics: the principal language change process; occurs when a word with a concrete meaning gains abstract meaning; from the Greek roots meta &#8220;beyond&#8221; and phor &#8220;to bear&#8221;&gt;metaphors.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Connotations of words can range between negative, neutral, and positive:<\/p>\n<table class=\"lesson_text\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"10\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\">\n<div class=\"white_lesson_header\" align=\"center\">Connotations<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"center\"><strong> Neutral<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"center\"><strong> Negative<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"center\"><strong> Positive<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"center\">thin<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"center\">scrawny<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"center\">slender<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"center\">smell<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"center\">stench<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"center\">aroma<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"center\">house<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"center\">warren<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"center\">home<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"center\">old<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"center\">decrepit<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"center\">antique<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Note that each group contains <a>synonyms<\/a>, which are words that mean almost the same thing. Sometimes, the only difference among synonyms is their connotative or figurative sense.<\/p>\n<section class=\"question\">\n<h4>Question<\/h4>\n<div>\n<p>Which of the following words has the least positive connotation?<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Evolve<\/li>\n<li>Transform<\/li>\n<li>Educe<\/li>\n<li>Change<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p><a class=\"button button-primary q-answer\"> Reveal Answer <\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"q-reveal\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"lesson_text\">The correct answer is D. Change has a neutral connotation, whereas the other three words have positive connotations.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr \/>\n<p class=\"lesson_subhead\"><strong> The Same Difference: Synonyms and Antonyms<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Our examination of denotations and connotations brought up the subject of <strong>synonyms<\/strong>, but they require more than a passing mention, as do their trusty counterparts, <strong>antonyms. <\/strong><strong><abbr title=\" From Greek syn \">Synonyms<\/abbr><\/strong> (Greek <em>syn<\/em> \u2018together\u2019 + <em>onyma<\/em> \u2018name\u2019) are words that are similar in meaning. Sometimes they are practically identical. <strong><abbr title=\" From Greek anti \">Antonyms<\/abbr> <\/strong>(Greek <em>anti<\/em> \u2018equal to\u2019 + <em>onyma<\/em> \u2018name\u2019) are words that are opposite in meaning.<\/p>\n<p>Learning synonyms and antonyms improves your vocabulary. Here\u2019s a list of some common words with less common synonyms; you can test your linguistic acumen:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Discussion: parley, colloquy, discourse, deliberation<\/li>\n<li>Fatigue: lassitude, exhaustion, prostration, weariness<\/li>\n<li>Saying: aphorism, maxim, saw<\/li>\n<li>Wandering: errant, itinerant, gallivanting, peripatetic, wayfaring<\/li>\n<li>Lie: fabricate, fib, prevaricate<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>And here is a separate (but equal) list of antonyms:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Grand: lowly, mean, meretricious, petty, trifling<\/li>\n<li>Cynical: maudlin, na\u00efve, idealistic, schmaltzy<\/li>\n<li>Shameful: creditable, laudable, meritorious<\/li>\n<li>Bawdy: innocuous, prudish, Victorian<\/li>\n<li>Wholesome: lethal, insalubrious, noxious<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<section class=\"question\">\n<h4>Question<\/h4>\n<div>\n<p>Choose the answer that gives both a synonym and an antonym for the italicized word:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI am so tired of <em>disingenuous<\/em> politicians!\u201d<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Dumb; smart<\/li>\n<li>Old; young<\/li>\n<li>Unimaginative; creative<\/li>\n<li>Deceptive; plainspoken<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p><a class=\"button button-primary q-answer\"> Reveal Answer <\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"q-reveal\" style=\"display: none;\"><span class=\"lesson_text\">The correct answer is D. <i>Disingenuous<\/i> means calculating , and often indicates a fa\u00e7ade of simple frankness masking duplicitous intentions.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr \/>\n<p class=\"lesson_subhead\"><strong> Birds of a Feather: Homonyms, Homophones, and Homographs<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Now we can switch gears and look at words that are remarkable not for their meanings but for their spellings and pronunciations. From the Greek word <em>homos<\/em> (same), homonyms, homophones, and homographs share features that can be a source of confusion or fun for the user. Puns often rely on these similarities, for instance. Here\u2019s a table to sort out the similarities and differences of these word classes:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table class=\"lesson_text\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"10\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\">\n<div class=\"white_lesson_header\" align=\"center\"><strong>Homonyms, Homophones and Homographs<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"160\"><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"160\">\n<p class=\"lesson_subhead\" align=\"center\"><strong> Spellings<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"160\">\n<p class=\"lesson_subhead\" align=\"center\"><strong> Pronunciations<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"160\">\n<p class=\"lesson_subhead\" align=\"center\"><strong> Meanings<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"center\"><strong> Homonyms<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"center\">same<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"center\">same<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"center\">different<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"center\"><strong> Homophones<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"center\">different<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"center\">same<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"center\">different<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"center\"><strong> Homographs<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"center\">same<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"center\">different<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"160\">\n<p align=\"center\">different<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong> <span class=\"lesson_subhead\">The Name Game: Homonyms<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A literal translation of <strong><abbr title=\" Two or more words that sound alike but have different spellings and meanings 2. Two or more words that are spelled and pronounced the same but differ in meaning\">homonym<\/abbr><\/strong> is &#8220;same name.&#8221; Narrowly defined, homonyms are words that are spelled and pronounced the same but that differ in meaning. Most of the time, we can trace homonyms through their etymologies to find that they were once completely different words. The shared spellings are accidents of language history.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em> Fair<\/em><\/strong> is a great example of a homonym. \u201cWe went to the fair on a fair day and hoped for a fair chance to enjoy the attractions.\u201d Each of these three uses of <em>fair<\/em> has the same pronunciation but a different meaning. Let\u2019s take a closer look at each homonym and its etymology:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Fair (noun): from Old French <em>feyre<\/em>, a gathering<\/li>\n<li>Fair (adjective): from Anglo-Saxon\u00a0<em>f\u00e6r<\/em>, beautiful<\/li>\n<li>Fair (adjective) from Anglo-Saxon\u00a0<em>f\u00e6r<\/em>, a later denotation meaning &#8220;just&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Here\u2019s a list of more examples:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bark: outer layer of a tree; sound a dog makes, a boat<\/li>\n<li>Bow: to bend, to salute, the forward part of a ship<\/li>\n<li>Lie: an untruth, to tell an untruth, to rest<\/li>\n<li>Miss: to fail, to escape, a young woman<\/li>\n<li>Quail: a bird, to cower<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p class=\"lesson_subhead\"><strong> Hooked on Phonics: Homophones<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><abbr title=\"From Greek homo 'same' and phonos 'sound,' words with the same sound but different spellings and meanings\">Homophones <\/abbr>(Greek <em>homo<\/em> &#8220;same &#8221; + <em>phonos<\/em> &#8220;sound &#8220;) are words that sound the same, but have different spellings and meanings. They are probably the most problematic words for writers. Some very commonly confused homophones are <strong><em>affect\/effect<\/em><\/strong>, <strong><em>lead\/led, there\/their\/they\u2019re,<\/em><\/strong> and <strong><em>it\/it\u2019s<\/em><\/strong>. Only one set of homophones has four unvarying members in all dialects of English: <strong><em>right\/rite\/write\/wright<\/em><\/strong>. The group <strong><em>air\/ere\/err\/heir<\/em><\/strong> is homophonous for many speakers.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Here\u2019s a table of homophonous pairs:<\/p>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"10\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\">\n<div class=\"white_lesson_header\" align=\"center\">Homophonous Pairs<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"319\">\n<p align=\"center\">Aural (by ear)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"319\">\n<p align=\"center\">Oral (by mouth)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"319\">\n<p align=\"center\">Indict (to charge with a crime)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"319\">\n<p align=\"center\">Indite (to write down)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"319\">\n<p align=\"center\">Tic (twitch)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"319\">\n<p align=\"center\">Tick (bloodsucking insect)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"319\">\n<p align=\"center\">Wain (a farm vehicle)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"319\">\n<p align=\"center\">Wane (dwindle)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"319\">\n<p align=\"center\">Wart (a skin lesion)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"319\">\n<p align=\"center\">Wort (root)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Here\u2019s a table of triple homophones:<\/p>\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"10\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\">\n<div class=\"white_lesson_header\" align=\"center\">Triple Homophones<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"center\">Meat (food)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"center\">Meet (join)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"center\">Mete (dole)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"center\">Palate (taste)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"center\">Palette (a set of colors)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"center\">Pallet (temporary bed)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"center\">Pore (to read studiously)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"center\">Poor (meager)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"center\">Pour (dispense liquid)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"center\">Vain (futile)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"center\">Vane (rotating object)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"center\">Vein (blood vessel)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"center\">Wail (lament)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"center\">Wale (ridge)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"213\">\n<p align=\"center\">Whale (largest mammal)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Please note that many of these words have a variety of denotations, even though only one is given.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p class=\"lesson_subhead\"><strong> Graphic Language: Homographs<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong> <abbr title=\"From Greek homo 'same' and graphein 'to write;' words that are spelled the same but have different meanings and pronunciations\">Homographs <\/abbr><\/strong> (Greek <em>homo <\/em>&#8220;same&#8221; + <em>graphein<\/em> &#8221; \u2018to write &#8221; \u2019) are words that are spelled the same but have different meanings and pronunciations. These words are most troublesome to foreigners, and native English speakers only know the pronunciation from the context.<\/p>\n<p>A fair number of <strong><em>homographs<\/em><\/strong> occur when the word changes parts of speech, e.g., from noun to verb. Here\u2019s a short list:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><i>Produce<\/i><\/b> (vegetables) and <b><i>produce<\/i><\/b> (to make)<\/li>\n<li><b><i>Content <\/i><\/b>(substance) and <b><i>content <\/i><\/b>(satisfied)<\/li>\n<li><b><i>Compound<\/i><\/b> (a word combination) and <b><i>compound<\/i><\/b> (to combine)<\/li>\n<li><b><i>Present <\/i><\/b>(a gift) and <b><i>present<\/i><\/b> (to introduce)<\/li>\n<li><b><i>Read<\/i><\/b> (past tense) and <b><i>read<\/i><\/b> (present tense)<\/li>\n<li><b><i>Entrance<\/i><\/b> (way in) and <b><i>entrance<\/i><\/b> (bewitch)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Other homographs don\u2019t seem to have any rhyme or reason. Here\u2019s a list:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><i>Bass<\/i> <\/b>(fish) and <b><i>bass<\/i><\/b> (string instrument)<\/li>\n<li><b><i>Wind<\/i><\/b> (air) and <b><i>wind<\/i><\/b> (to coil)<\/li>\n<li><b><i>Wound<\/i><\/b> (injury) and <b><i>wound <\/i><\/b>(coiled)<\/li>\n<li><b><i>Incense<\/i><\/b> (smoke) and <b><i>incense<\/i><\/b> (to enrage)<\/li>\n<li><b><i>Dove <\/i><\/b>(bird) and <b><i>dove <\/i><\/b>(past tense of dive)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<section class=\"question\">\n<h4>Question<\/h4>\n<div>\n<p>Which word has homonyms, homophones, and homographs?<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Fair<\/li>\n<li>Bare<\/li>\n<li>Desserts<\/li>\n<li>Bow<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p><a class=\"button button-primary q-answer\"> Reveal Answer <\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"q-reveal\" style=\"display: none;\">\n<p><span class=\"lesson_text\">The correct answer is D. If you look up <i>bow<\/i>, you\u2019ll see that it manages to fit all three categories.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr \/>\n<\/section>\n<p><!-- CONTENT ENDS HERE --><\/p>\n<div class=\"advance\"><a class=\"button button-primary\" href=\"http:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/english\/idioms-adages-in-english\">\u2b05 Previous Lesson<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"button\" href=\"http:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/english\/vocabulary\">Workshop Index<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"button button-primary\" href=\"http:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/english\/context-clues-words-among-words\">Next Lesson \u27a1<\/a><\/div>\n<p><a class=\"backtotop\" href=\"#title\">Back to Top<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u2b05 Previous Lesson\u00a0Workshop Index\u00a0Next Lesson \u27a1 In the Meantime: Denotation &amp; Connotation Objective This lesson will examine modern meanings of words by examining denotations and connotations and how meanings interact. &nbsp; Previously Covered: In the previous lesson, we looked at English vocabulary words from both a linguistic and a literary standpoint. English Defined: Denotations Denotations [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-19","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/19","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/19\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":413,"href":"https:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/19\/revisions\/413"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/americanboard.org\/Subjects\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}